Photo-Controllable Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence: State of the Art.

In this concept, we showcase the upsurge in the studies of dynamic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials containing inorganic and/or organic components as versatile photo-responsive platforms. The goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of photo-controllable RTP, and meanwhile delve into the underlying RTP properties of various classes of photochromic materials including metal-organic complexes, organic-inorganic co-crystals, purely organic small molecules and organic polymers. In particular, the design principles governing the integration of the photochromic and RTP moieties within a single material system, and the tuning of dynamic RTP in response to light are emphasized. As such, this concept sheds light on the challenges and opportunities of using these tunable RTP materials for potential applications in optoelectronics, particularly highlighting their use of reversible information encryption, erasable light printing and rewritable smart paper.

Electrochemiluminescence Properties and Sensing Application of Zn(II)-Metal-Organic Frameworks Constructed by Mixed Ligands of Para Dicarboxylic Acids and 1,10-Phenanthroline.

Four metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were designed and prepared through a mixed-ligand strategy by controlling the combination of various dicarboxylic acid ligands with invariant center metal and o-phenanthroline heterocyclic ligand. The regulatory effects of ligand electronic band and crystal structure on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) characteristics of MOFs were verified by experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The flexible chain structure of MOF-2 promotes electron transfer between MOF electroactive free radicals and the co-reactant, making it show outstanding ECL characteristics among all of the four MOFs with the luminescence quantum efficiency 8.37 times that of tris(bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+). Meanwhile, a new ECL mechanism for MOF luminescent crystal materials with reactive oxygen species in solvents as a co-reactant in the aqueous aerobic environment has been proposed. MOF-2 was selected to construct an ECL sensor for the determination of glucose in human urine samples. This study provides a useful idea for the development and design of new luminescent molecular crystal materials.

Immunogenicity and safety of the quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine in populations aged ≥ 3 years: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority clinical trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity non-inferiority and safety of the quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine in participants ≥ 3 years old. A total of 3,328 participants were enrolled. Participants 3-8 years old were administered one or two doses of the investigational vaccine or one dose of the control vaccine, whereas the other participants were administered only one dose of the investigational or control vaccine. The immunogenicity and occurrence of adverse events (AEs) after 30 days of full-course vaccination and serious adverse events (SAEs) within 6 months after full-course vaccination were assessed. The sero-conversion rates (SCRs) of anti-H1N1, H3N2, B(Y), and B(V) antibodies in the test group were 74.64%, 87.40%, 82.66%, and 78.89%, respectively, and their geometric mean titers were 1:250.13, 1:394.54, 1:200.84, and 1:94.91, respectively, which were non-inferior to those in the control group. The SCRs and sero-protection rates in the two-dose group of participants 3-8 years old were greater than those in the one-dose group. The incidences of total AEs and adverse reactions in the test group were 31.6% and 21.7%, respectively, which were close to those in the control group. In the two-dose group, the incidence of adverse reactions was considerably lower in the second dose (5.5%) than in the first dose (14.7%). Most AEs were grade 1 in severity, and no SAEs were recorded. The investigational vaccine had immunogenicity non-inferior to the control vaccine, and two doses were more effective than one dose in participants 3-8 years old, with a good overall safety.Trial registration: CTR20200715.

People in China are frequently infected by influenza viruses in specific seasons, causing a large burden of disease. Influenza viruses have distinct phenotypes depending on the season. Therefore, vaccines that can effectively prevent the infection of various influenza virus phenotypes need to be developed. The quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine is effective against four influenza virus phenotypes. In this trial, the immunogenicity and safety of the quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine (investigational vaccine) developed by Dalian Aleph Biomedical Co., Ltd. were evaluated. A total of 3,328 participants ≥ 3 years old were included. Participants 3­8 years old were further divided based on the presence or absence of a history of influenza vaccination. Those participants without a vaccination history were administered one or two doses of the investigational vaccine or one dose of a marketed quadrivalent influenza vaccine (control vaccine), and those participants with a vaccination history were administered one dose of the investigational or control vaccine. This study showed for the first time that the immunogenicity and safety of the investigational vaccine were not inferior to those of the control vaccine and that the two-dose procedure induced a good immune effect in the 3­8-year-old group. In conclusion, administration of the investigational vaccine can prevent seasonal influenza in populations aged ≥ 3 years.

Macroscopic Assembly of Chiral Hydrogen-bonded Metal-free Supramolecular Glasses for Enhanced Color-tunable Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence.

Glassy materials, with desirable mechanical rigidity, shaping ability, high transparency, are attracting great interest in diverse fields. However, optically bulk molecule-based glasses are still rare, mainly due to limited monomeric species and harsh preparation conditions. Herein, we report a facile bottom-up solution fabrication process to obtain metal-free supramolecular glasses (SMGs) at the macroscopic scale using L-Histidine and hexamethylenetetramine as building blocks. The chiral SMGs possess color-tunable ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (decay lifetime up to 141.2 ms) and circular polarized luminescence (g factor up to 8.7×10-3 ). The strong hydrogen bonds effectively drive the formation of SMGs, and provide a rigid microenvironment to boost triplet exciton generation. By virtue of excitation- and temperature-dependent ultralong phosphorescence of the SMGs, applications including multicolored displays, visual UV detection, and persistently luminescent thermometer are demonstrated.

Supramolecular glasses with color-tunable circularly polarized afterglow through evaporation-induced self-assembly of chiral metal-organic complexes.

The fabrication of chiral molecules into macroscopic systems has many valuable applications, especially in the fields of optical displays, data encryption, information storage, and so on. Here, we design and prepare a serious of supramolecular glasses (SGs) based on Zn-L-Histidine complexes, via an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) strategy. Metal-ligand interactions between the zinc(II) ion and chiral L-Histidine endow the SGs with interesting circularly polarized afterglow (CPA). Multicolored CPA emissions from blue to red with dissymmetry factor as high as 9.5 × 10-3 and excited-state lifetime up to 356.7 ms are achieved under ambient conditions. Therefore, this work not only communicates the bulk SGs with wide-tunable afterglow and large circular polarization, but also provides an EISA method for the macroscopic self-assembly of chiral metal-organic hybrids toward photonic applications.

An enhanced chemiluminescence hybrids of luminol by sulfonated polyaniline decorated copper-based metal organic frame composite applicable to the measurement of hydrogen peroxide in a wide pH range.

Here, sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) was decorated on the surface of copper-based metal organic frame (HKUST-1) and the composite was functionalized by luminol to construct a chemiluminescence (CL) hybrids (SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol). The as-prepared SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol demonstrated a great dispersion and stability performance in aqueous solution. Moreover, the resultant SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol hybrids exhibited extremely strong CL properties, and the CL quantum yield was 136 times higher than that of luminol. In particular, it exhibited outstanding CL activity not only under alkaline conditions, but also under neutral conditions. The sensitive response of the hybrid to hydrogen peroxide was used to construct CL methods for the detection of hydrogen peroxide at a wide range of pH, with the detection limit of 60 nM at a neutral condition and 25 pM at alkaline condition. Due to strong and stable signal of the SPAN/HKUST-1@Luminol, the CL method provides a viable tool for determination of H2O2 in biological systems and enabled the monitoring of stimulated production of H2O2 released by living cells.

MedChemLens: An Interactive Visual Tool to Support Direction Selection in Interdisciplinary Experimental Research of Medicinal Chemistry.

Interdisciplinary experimental science (e.g., medicinal chemistry) refers to the disciplines that integrate knowledge from different scientific backgrounds and involve experiments in the research process. Deciding "in what direction to proceed" is critical for the success of the research in such disciplines, since the time, money, and resource costs of the subsequent research steps depend largely on this decision. However, such a direction identification task is challenging in that researchers need to integrate information from large-scale, heterogeneous materials from all associated disciplines and summarize the related publications of which the core contributions are often showcased in diverse formats. The task also requires researchers to estimate the feasibility and potential in future experiments in the selected directions. In this work, we selected medicinal chemistry as a case and presented an interactive visual tool, MedChemLens, to assist medicinal chemists in choosing their intended directions of research. This task is also known as drug target (i.e., disease-linked proteins) selection. Given a candidate target name, MedChemLens automatically extracts the molecular features of drug compounds from chemical papers and clinical trial records, organizes them based on the drug structures, and interactively visualizes factors concerning subsequent experiments. We evaluated MedChemLens through a within-subjects study (N=16). Compared with the control condition (i.e., unrestricted online search without using our tool), participants who only used MedChemLens reported faster search, better-informed selections, higher confidence in their selections, and lower cognitive load.

Survey and analysis of willingness to use mobile medical services and influencing factors of TB patients treated at home.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to investigate the willingness of patients with tuberculosis (TB) to use mobile medical services (mHealth) and its influencing factors, so as to provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the TB mobile medical platform and improve the willingness of patients to use mHealth. METHODOLOGY: In this cross-sectional study, convenience sampling method was used to investigate patients with TB from the outpatient clinics of two TB specialized hospitals (Beijing Thoracic Tumor and Tuberculosis Hospital and Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital of Shaanxi Province) from January to June 2021 using a self-designed questionnaire. RESULTS: Out of 231 patients, only 90 (38.96%) were aware of mHealth services, and 63 (27.27%) had used mHealth services. Among the 63 patients who had used mHealth services, the proportion of mobile medical forms based on WeChat platform was 74.89%. Patients' willingness to use mHealth was scored (11.49 ± 2.53). Univariate analysis showed that the scores of patients' willingness to use mHealth differed by gender and the different ways of affording healthcare (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of willingness to use mHealth in patients with TB included attitude towards use (0.750), health beliefs (0.091) and social impact (0.169) (adjusted R2 = 0.781, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients' awareness of the advantages of the new medical model needs to be improved. Optimized design can improve the willingness of patients to use mHealth services and improve the role of mHealth in patient management.

A simulated, randomized study on the safety and immunogenicity of three consecutive commercial-scale batches of the CTN-1V strain human rabies vaccine to verify the inter-batch consistency.

In this study, we sought to evaluate the inter-batch consistency and safety of the CTN-1 V human rabies vaccine (Vero cells). A total of 594 healthy participants aged 10-60 years were enrolled from Mianzhu, Sichuan Province, and randomized into three batch groups to receive vaccination via the Essen Regimen, that is, a single dose on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm. The serum antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) and positive conversion rate of each group were determined using a rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test (RFFIT) before the first-dose immunization, 14 d after the first-dose immunization, and 14 d and 12 mo after full immunization. Adverse events (AEs) 30 min and 30 d after immunization were observed in each group. There were 322 cases of AEs during the observation period, with an overall incidence of 54.4%. The incidences of AEs in groups A, B, and C were 57.4%, 51.5%, and 54.3%, respectively. There were no significant differences among the groups (P > .05). Moreover, there were no significant differences (P > .05) in the serum GMC or antibody-positive conversion rate between any two groups at any time point. The bilateral 95% confidence interval of the GMC ratio between any two groups 14 d after the first-dose immunization was within the range of 0.67-1.50. This study shows that the CTN-1 V human rabies vaccine (Vero cells) has reliable safety and stable immunogenicity between batches.

This was a randomized, double-blind, equivalent clinical study on the inter-batch consistency of rabies vaccine. The rabies virus CTN strain adopted for the vaccine was isolated by China National Institute for Food and Drug Control. It has a gene sequence homology of 82.0%­93.0% with the representative strains of street virus isolated in China (i.e., CQ92, HN06, and J strains), higher than that of other vaccine strains (aG, PM, and PV strains). A total of 594 participants were enrolled in this study, and were randomized into three batch groups. Blood samples were collected from participants in each group before vaccination, at 14 days after the first dose of vaccination, and at 14 d and 12 mo after the fifth dose of vaccination, in order to detect antibody levels and observe adverse reactions. There was no significant difference in serum antibody levels and adverse reactions between any two of the three groups, indicating that different vaccine batches manufactured at the commercial scale can maintain stable immunogenicity and safety profiles.

Enhancing K2S2O8 electrochemiluminescence based on silver nanoparticles and zinc metal-organic framework composite (AgNPs@ZnMOF) for the determination of l-cysteine.

A silver nanoparticle-doped Zn(ii) metal-organic framework composite (AgNPs@ZnMOF) was investigated as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal enhancer for potassium persulfate. First, ZnMOF was prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method, and then AgNPs@ZnMOF composite was obtained by depositing AgNPs on the surface and interior of ZnMOF. After the AgNPs@ZnMOF composite was modified on the glass carbon electrode (GCE), the cathode luminescence of potassium persulfate on bare GCE was enhanced by 8 times. A dual amplification mechanism provided by Zn(ii) and Ag nanoparticles in the AgNPs@ZnMOF composite has been validated by ECL spectra, fluorescence spectra, and electrochemical methods. The interaction between the sulfhydryl groups in l-cysteine (l-Cys) and AgNPs significantly affects the catalytic luminescence of the AgNPs@ZnMOF composite. Thus, a sensitive ECL method for the determination of l-Cys was developed based on the inhibition effect of l-Cys on the ECL signal within the linear range from 5.0 nM to 1.0 µM and the limit of detection was found to be 2 nM (S/N = 3). The established method has been successfully applied to the determination of l-Cys in human urine.

Doping Mo into NiFe LDH/NiSe Heterostructure to Enhance Oxygen Evolution Activity by Synergistically Facilitating Electronic Modulation and Surface Reconstruction.

It is of great significance to design highly efficient electrocatalysts with abundant earth elements instead of precious metals for water splitting. Herein, Mo-doped NiFe-layered double hydroxides/NiSe heterostructure (Mo-NiFe LDH/NiSe) was fabricated by coupling Mo-doped NiFe LDH and NiSe on nickel foam (NF). The heterostructure electrocatalyst showed ultra-low overpotential (250 mV) and remarkable durability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 150 mA cm-2 . Both theoretical and experimental results confirmed that Mo doping and interfacial synergism induced the interfacial charge redistribution and the lifted d-band center to weaken the energy barrier (EB) of the formation of OOH* . Mo doping also facilitated the surface reconstruction of NiFe LDH into Ni(Fe)OOH as the active sites under electro-oxidation process. This work provides a facile strategy for electronic modulation and surface reconstruction of OER electrocatalyst by transition metal doping and heterostructure generation.

Abnormal drainage of inferior vena cava to left atrium combined with atrial septal defect: A case report.

Systemic venous anomaly is less common clinically, and ectopic connection of inferior vena cava is less common clinically than ectopic connection of superior vena cava. When the inferior vena cava is abnormally connected to the left atrium, a low atrial septal defect can be combined. It is difficult to make preoperative diagnosis of this kind of disease clinically. Blind occlusion of the ASD (atrial septal defect) will cause the iatrogenic inferior vena cava flowing back to the left atrium completely or partially. Conventional median thoracotomy for repair of such an atrial septal defect should be performed with more caution. It has been reported that after repair of an atrial septal defect, the inferior vena cava was mistakenly separated into the left atrium. Therefore, we suggest that preoperative evaluation of inferior atrial septal defect should be with more cautious. When transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) cannot fully explain the clinical symptoms, Ultrasound contrast may be considered. During the repair of the inferior vena cava ASD, it is not only necessary to find the location of Euclidean valve, but also to accurately explore the inferior vena cava opening so as to avoid the iatrogenic inferior vena cava being separated into the left atrium.

Synergistic coupling of heterostructured porous CoP nanosheets with P doped NiO for highly efficient overall alkaline water splitting.

Exploring non-noble metal materials as bifunctional catalysts for water electrolysis is of great significance for the development and utilization of hydrogen energy. Herein, a flower branch-leaf shaped phosphide/oxide heterogeneous electrocatalyst located on Ni foam (CoP/P-NiO/NF) was developed through hydrothermal and phosphorization strategy. Benefiting from the strong ability to dissociate H2O molecules on P-NiO and the suitable adsorption of intermediate H species on CoP, the optimal CoP/P-NiO/NF exhibited outstanding performance with low overpotentials of 52 mV at current density of 10 mA cm-2, smaller Tafel slopes of 73.6 mV dec-1 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Meanwhile, CoP/P-NiO/NF indicated 265 mV at 100 mA cm-2 with Tafel slope of 101.8 mV dec-1 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to the optimal redistribution of electrons among Ni2+, Co2+ and Co3+ for favorable adsorption/desorption of oxygen-intermediates. Both HER and OER shown robust stability during 32 h without decline. The corresponding two-electrode system for overall alkaline water splitting required a low voltage of 1.6 V at 100 mA cm-2 with long stability (20 h) which is far lower than that on RuO2-Pt/C and many other reported non-noble metal electrocatalysts. This work demonstrates that the synergistic effect and morphology engineering play vital roles in the enhanced electrocatalytic performance.

The monomer TEC of blueberry improves NASH by augmenting tRF-47-mediated autophagy/pyroptosis signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most common liver diseases and has no safe and effective drug for treatment. We have previously reported the function of blueberry, but the effective monomer and related molecular mechanism remain unclear. METHODS: The monomer of blueberry was examined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The NASH cell model was constructed by exposing HepG2 cells to free fatty acids. The NASH mouse model was induced by a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. NASH cell and mouse models were treated with different concentrations of blueberry monomers. The molecular mechanism was studied by Oil Red O staining, ELISA, enzyme activity, haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blot, RNA sequencing, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS: We identified one of the main monomer of blueberry as tectorigenin (TEC). Cyanidin-3-O glucoside (C3G) and TEC could significantly inhibit the formation of lipid droplets in steatosis hepatocytes, and the effect of TEC on the formation of lipid droplets was significantly higher than that of C3G. TEC can promote cell proliferation and inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators in NASH cell model. Additionally, TEC administration provided a protective role against high-fat diets induced lipid damage, and suppressed lipid accumulation. In NASH mouse model, TEC can activate autophagy, inhibit pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory mediators. In NASH cell model, TEC inhibited pyroptosis by stimulating autophagy. Then, small RNA sequencing revealed that TEC up-regulated the expression of tRF-47-58ZZJQJYSWRYVMMV5BO (tRF-47). The knockdown of tRF-47 blunted the beneficial effects of TEC on NASH in vitro, including inhibition of autophagy, activation of pyroptosis and release of inflammatory factors. Similarly, suppression of tRF-47 promoted the lipid injury and lipid deposition in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that tRF-47-mediated autophagy and pyroptosis plays a vital role in the function of TEC to treat NASH, suggesting that TEC may be a promising drug for the treatment of NASH.

Childhood trauma and current depression among Chinese university students: a moderated mediation model of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and neuroticism.

BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma (CT) is considered as a highly risk factor for depression. Although the pathway of CT to depression, especially the mediating or moderating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) or neuroticism, have investigated by several studies, the results were inconsistent and there is a paucity of full models among these interactive factors. This study aims to examine the relationships among CT, adaptive / maladaptive CERS, neuroticism, and current depression symptoms in university students. METHODS: We recruited 3009 freshman of 2019, aged averagely 18.00 (SD = 0.772) years, from universities in Hunan province in 2019. A moderated mediation model was built to examine the relationships among CT, CERS, neuroticism, and current depression using the SPSS PROCESS 3.5 macro. We conducted bootstrapping of regression estimates with 5000 samples and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Results revealed that the significant mediating effects of adaptive CERS (ß = 0.012; 95% CI: 0.006 to 0.018) and maladaptive CERS (ß = 0.028; 95% CI: 0.016 to 0.040) between CT and depression were observed, accounting for 5.69% and 13.52% of the total effect respectively. Then, moderated mediation analyses results showed that neuroticism simultaneously moderated the direct effect of CT on current depression (ß = 0.035; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.009), and the indirect effects of CT on current depression through adaptive CERS (adaptive CERS - current depression: ß = - 0.034; 95% CI: - 0.007 to - 0.001) and maladaptive CERS (maladaptive CERS - current depression: ß = 0.157; 95% CI: 0.017 to 0.025). However, the moderating effects of neuroticism in the indirect paths from CT to adaptive CERS (ß = 0.037; 95% CI: 0.000 to 0.014) and maladaptive CERS (ß = - 0.001; 95% CI: - 0.006 to 0.005) were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides powerful evidences through a large university students sample for the mediating role of adaptive / maladaptive CERS and the moderating role of neuroticism between CT and current depression. This manifests that cognitive emotion regulation may be a vital factor for people who suffered from CT and current depression. Furthermore, the influence of neuroticism in this process cannot be ignored.

Metal-organic framework as a mimetic enzyme with excellent adaptability for sensitive chemiluminescence detection of glutathione in cell lysate.

A novel [Co(L)(H2O)2] (1) was obtained by hydrothermal method and it exhibited a 1D chain with exposed carboxyl groups, the unique coordination mode made it have unusual physical and chemical stability. Meanwhile, 1 showed peroxidase-like and weak oxidase-like activity. 1 as a peroxidase mimic enzyme had an excellent affinity for the substrates luminol and H2O2. Compared with HRP, 1 had catalytic activity in a wide pH range and showed the best catalytic activity at pH 7.4. Meanwhile, the catalysis process of 1 was reversible and recyclable, and the catalytic activity remained stable after different pH and temperatures and long-time storage. Based on the inhibition of glutathione on luminol-H2O2-MOF 1 chemiluminescence signal, a chemiluminescence method for the determination of glutathione has been proposed with high sensitivity and selectivity and had been applied for detecting glutathione in cell lysate with satisfactory results.

Impact of Prior Intra-articular Injections on the Risk of Prosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The current review was designed to assess the impact of prior intra-articular injections on the risk of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) with a focus on the timing of injection before surgery. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar were searched up to 15th June 2021. All studies comparing the incidence of PJI with and without prior intra-articular injections were included. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for PJI. Results: Nineteen studies were included. Both corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid injections were used before TJA in the included studies. Overall, comparing 127,163 patients with prior intra-articular injections and 394,104 patients without any injections, we noted a statistically significant increased risk of PJI in the injection group (RR 1.24 95% CI: 1.11, 1.38 I2 = 48% p = 0.002). On subgroup analysis, there was a statistically significant increased risk of PJI in the injection group in studies where intra-articular injections were administered <12 months before surgery (RR 1.18 95% CI: 1.10, 1.27 I2 = 7% p < 0.00001). Furthermore, on meta-analysis, we noted non-significant but increased risk of PJI when injections were administered 1 month (RR 1.47 95% CI: 0.88, 2.46 I2 = 77% p = 0.14), 0-3 months (RR 1.22 95% CI: 0.96, 1.56 I2 = 84% p = 0.11), and 3-6 months (RR 1.16 95% CI: 0.99, 1.35 I2 = 49% p = 0.06) before surgery. Conclusion: Our results indicate that patients with prior intra-articular injections have a small but statistically significant increased risk of PJI after TJA. Considering that PJI is a catastrophic complication with huge financial burden, morbidity and mortality; the clinical significance of this small risk cannot be dismissed. The question of the timing of injections and the risk of PJI still remains and can have a significant impact on the decision making. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42021258297.

Hierarchical sheet-on-sheet heterojunction array of a ß-Ni(OH)2/Fe(OH)3 self-supporting anode for effective overall alkaline water splitting.

Rationally designing high-performance non-noble metal electrocatalysts is of essence to improve energy conversion efficiency in water splitting. Herein, a unique 3D hierarchical sheet-on-sheet heterojunction between Fe(OH)3 and ß-Ni(OH)2 on pretreated Ni foam (NiFe-HD/pre-NF) was fabricated by a two-step strategy involving the interfacial hydrolysis-deposition of Fe2+ and electrodeposition of Ni2+. The presence of the Ni-O-Fe bridge at the Fe(OH)3/ß-Ni(OH)2 heterointerface can induce interfacial electronic redistribution to form Ni3+ in NiFe-HD/pre-NF, and further strengthen the adsorption of OH- and weaken the O-H bond to change the rate-determining step (RDS) for accelerating OER kinetics. Benefiting from the sheet-on-sheet architecture and dual-phase synergism on NiFe-HD/pre-NF, the optimal NiFe-HD/pre-NF exhibits excellent OER performance with a lower overpotential of 256 mV at 100 mA cm-2, a small Tafel slope of 81 mV dec-1, high intrinsic activity and robust stability. Alkaline water-splitting using NiFe-HD/pre-NF as the anode requires ultralow cell voltages of 1.62 V and 1.83 V at current densities of 100 mA cm-2 and 400 mA cm-2, respectively, which are comparable with commercial alkaline water electrolysis, and operates steadily at a current density of 100 mA cm-2 for 85 h without decay. This work proposes a facile strategy for constructing heterojunctions and modulating electronic interaction to develop electrocatalysts with new architectures.

Electronic modulation and proton transfer by iron and borate co-doping for synergistically triggering the oxygen evolution reaction on a hollow NiO bipyramidal prism.

Designing an Earth-abundant and inexpensive electrocatalyst to drive the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for high-purity hydrogen production is of great importance. Herein, the cation (iron) and anion (borate) co-doping strategy was proposed to effectively trigger the OER performance on a low-cost NiO material. The optimal hollow Fe/Bi-NiO bipyramidal prism shows superior OER performance, and displays a low overpotential (261 mV) at 10 mA cm-2, accompanied by a low Tafel slope (46 mV dec-1), excellent intrinsic activity and robust stability. The overall alkaline water splitting using Fe/Bi-NiO/NF as an anode affords low cell voltages of 1.50 and 1.63 V at 10 and 100 mA cm-2, and operates steadily at a high current density of 100 mA cm-2 for 55 h without decay. The excellent electrocatalytic activity could be ascribed to the hollow structure to shorten the mass transfer pathway, the electronic modulation by Fe doping, the increased accessible electroactive sites created by oxygen vacancies through borate doping, and the formation of BO33--OH- to accelerate the deprotonation of OHads.